Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:2 курс / Гистология / Общая Гистология
.txt яю)/ !"/
":0=L- 2>7=8:H0O 2 E>45 M2>;NF88 G0AB=0O A8AB5<0 >@30=87<0, A>AB>OI 87 >4=>3> 8;8 =5A:>;L: 48DD5@>=>2 :;5B>: 8 8E ?@>872>4=KE, >1;040NI0O A?5F8D. DC=:F. 1;03>40@O :>>?5@0B82=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 2A5E 5Q M;5<5=B>2. !8AB5<0 3><>;>38G=KE 8 87>DC=:F8>=0;L=KE :;5B>:, 2>7=8:H8E 87 >4=>3> M<1@8>=. 70G0B:0. -?8B5;80;L=K5, B:. 2=CB@. A@54K, =5@2=. , <KH5G=.
575=E8<0: B:0=L 2=CBL A@54K, >1I53> E0@0:B5@0, 35B5@><>@D=0O, @07; D- F88( D>@<8@CNB F8@:C;OB>@=K5 A8A- <K, ?>445@682. 3><5>AB07, D>@<8@. O3:89 A:5;. @30=>2, B25@4 A:5;5B >@30=87<0, D>@<8@ 42830B 0??0@0B ?>;KE 2=CB@ >@30=>2. 0728B85: 0<Q1>F8B>2. > <5@5 @0728B8O :;5B:8 AB0;8 2K?>;=OBL >?>@=. D- F8N. ?@>F5AA5 @0728B8O: B@>D8G, >?>@=- <5E, 70I8B=0O. 575=E8<0 D>@<8@ 87 <57>45@<K, =5<=>3> 87 M:B>45@<K( =59@)
;0AA8D8: B:0=8 B@>D8:8 8 70I8BK( :@>2L, ;8<D>84. B:. ) , B:0=8 2K?>; >?>@=- <5E D- F88
!?5F0;87. :;5B>::
-?8B5;. B:0=L. ?>:@>2. 8 65;578ABK9. 4=>A;>9=K9 ( >4=>@O4=K9 - ?;>A:89, :C18G, ?@87<0B8G. <=>3>@O4=K9 - ?@87<0B8G. ) , <=>3>A;>9=K9 ( >@>3>2520NI89 - ?;>A:89, =5>@>3. - ?;>A:, :C1, ?@87<. ?5@5E>4=K9) . -?8- , M=B5@>- , F5;>=5D@>- , 0=38>45@<0;L=K9 B8?K.
>6=K9 B8?. <=>3>A;. ?;>A:. >@>3>252. ( 1070;L=K9 - F8;; :;. , H8?>20B - <5;0=>F8BK, 75@=8ABK9 - C?;>I5==. , 1;5ABOI - C?;>I5==. :;, @>3>2>9 ( B>;AB) =5>@>3>2 ( @>3>28F0. 07 - ?@87<, H8?>2 - <=>3>C3>;L. , 25@E - ?;>A:85 :;. ) , <=>3>@O4 <5@F0B ( 4KE. ?CB8. <5@F0B, AB2>;>2K5, 1>:0;>284 :;. )
8H5G=K9 B8?. >4=>A;. ?@87<. :05<G0B. ( 6:B. ?@87<0B 8 1>:0;>284 :;. , 65;5- 78AB. :;. )
5;57K. M=4>- , M:7>- . <5@>, 0?>, 3>;>:@8=>2K9 B8? A5:@. @>AB =5@072 B@C1G, 0;L25>;O@, ?@>AB @0725B2; B@C1G, 0;L2. A;>6=. B@C1G- 0;L2.
@>2L 8 ;8<D0. <575=E8<0. A>54 B:0=L. ?;07<0, D>@< M;5<. , D- F88. 35<>- 3@0<<0 - A>>B=. D>@<. M;5<. M@8B@. 4 . 5 - 5 x 1 0 1 2 / ;, ;59:. 4 - 9 x 1 0 9 , B@. 1 8 0 - 3 2 0 E. .
5<>F8B>?>M7. ! >1@. :>;>=8N 2 ;8=88 48DD. 1 ) !, ?@54H5AB2. 3@0=C;>- F8B@0=><C, M@8B@>- , <>=>- , <530:0@5>F8B0@=><C 35<>?>M7C. 2 ) ;8<D>?>M7.
<8:@>>:@C65=85 - DC=:F8>=8@. @5B8:C;. 8 35<>?>MB. M;5<5=B>2 =5@07@K2=>. =C6=> 4;O CA?5H=>9 48DD AB2>;>2KE :;5B>:.
;0AA8D8:0F8O. M@8B@>F8BK, ;59:>F8BK ( 3@0=C;>F8BK: =59B@, M>78=, 107>- D8;K, 03@0=C;>F8BK: ;8<D>F8BK, <>=>F8BK) , B@><1>F8BK.
-@8B@>F8BK ( 4 . 5 - 5 x 1 0 1 2 / ;, 48A:, H b A , =5B O4@0. 6825B 1 2 0 4=. D- F88. -@- ?>M7. M@8B@>1;0AB - ?@>M@8B@>1;0AB - ?>;8E@><0B>D8;L=K9 M- 1. - >:A8D8;L- =K9 M- 1. - @5B8:C;>F8B - M@8B@>F8B.
"@><1>F8BK. 1 8 0 - 3 2 0 E1 0 9 / ;. 380;><5@ 8 3@0=C;><5@, <8B>E. , -!, A25@B. :@>28. >M7: 530:0@5>1;0AB - ?@><530:0@5>F8B - <530:0@5>F8B - B@><1>F8BK.
59:>F8BK ( 3@0=C;>F8BK: =59B@ 4 7 - 7 2 % , M>78= 1 - 5 % , 107>D8;K 1 % , 03@0=C- ;>F8BK: ;8<D>F8BK 2 0 - 4 0 % , <>=>F8BK 3 - 1 1 % ) . 59B@>D8;K ( 1 0 - 1 2 <:<, A53< O4@>, <5;:. 75@=. 3@0=C;K, <=>3> ;87>A><, D03>F8B>7) . ->78=>D8;K ( 2 A53< O4@0, :@C?= 75@=. 1 2 - 1 5 <:<, >:A8D8;L. , A53<5=B>O4, ?0;>G:>O4, N=K5) . 07>- D8;K ( 1 0 <:<, O4@> =5?@02. D>@<K, :@C?= 75@=, @53C; 35<>AB07, <5B01>;. 35- ?0@8=0, 0;;5@3. @- F88) . >M7: <85;>1;0AB, ?@><85;>F8B, =59B@. <85;>F8BK ( 3@0=C;K, O4@> <5=O5B D. ) , <5B0<85;>F8BK ( N=K5) , ?0;>G:>O4, A53<5=B>O4) , M>78=>D8;L. ( ?>E>685) , 107>D8;L=K5 ( 75@=0, :@C3;>5 O4@>)
3@0=C;>F8BK: ;8<D>F8BK ( 7 - 9 <:<, 1>;LH :@C3; O4@>. T - , - , A?5F8D. 8<<C- =8B5B) , <>=>F8BK ( 2 0 - 2 5 <:<, 1>1>284 O4@>, A25B; F8B>?;, <0:@>D038) . >M7: >=>F8B>1;0AB - ?@><>=>F8B - <>=>F8B. "- >1@07. 2 B8<CA5, <>3CB 48DD5@5=F8@. 2 "- :8;;5@K( 2 A5;575=:5 8 ;8<D>C7;0E) CG0AB2CNB 2 :;5B. 8<<C=8B5B5- C=8GB 35=5B GC65@>4 :;5B:8; "- E5;?5@K 8 AC?@5AA>@K( CG0AB2. @53C; 3C<>@. 8<<C=8B5B0) , 8<D>1;0AB - ?@>;8<D>F8B - ;- F8B. , 48DD5@5=F8@>2:0 =0 "- ;8<D>F8BK.
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
$81@>1;0AB. <575=E8<0 5@5B5=>>1@. A8=B57 :>;;035=0, 3;N:>70<8=>2, 70- 682;. @0=, >1@07 2>;>:>=. 4 B8?0: <0;>A?5F80;878@. ( <0;. A8=B57) , 7@5;K5, D81@>F8BK ( <0;. A8=B57) , D81@>:;0ABK ( @0AA0A. <56:;5B. 2- 20) .
56:;5B. 2- 2>. >;;035=. 2>;>:=0 ( =5@0ABO68<K5 >:A8D8;L=. BO68, ?@>G=. ) , M;0AB8G 2>;>:=0 ( 4;8==K5 @0725B2;5==, <O3:85, 0<>@D 8 <8:@>D81@8;;. :><- ?>=5=BK) , 0<>@D=>5 2- 2> ( ABC45=8AB0O $ A@540, 15;:8, ;8?84K, <8= A>;8)
;>B=. A>54 B:. <=>3> 2>;>:>=, <0;> 0<>@D. 2- 20, >D>@<;5==0O, =5>D>@<;. , ACE>68;85, D81@>7=K5 <5<1@0=K, A2O7:8. <=>3> D81@>1;0AB>2 8 - F8B>2.
!. B:. A> A?5F. A2- 20<8. 5B8:C;O@=0O ( 5B8:C;>F8BK - 72574G0B>9 D>@<K, >1@07. A5BL 2 :@>25B2>@. >@30=0E ( <8:@>>:@C6) . 5B8:C;. 2>;>:=0 - AB@><0) .
8@>20O B:0=L ( 5;0O - 4>;L:8 87 048?>F8B>2, @KE; A>54 B:, A>AC4K, <>18- ;870F8O 68@0. C@0O - <=>3> F8B>E@><>2, 2K45;5=85 ?@8 38?>B5@<88) , !;8- 78AB0O ( ?C?>G. :0=0B8:, B>;L:> D81@>1;0ABK) , ?83<5=B=0O ( <5;0=>F8BK)
!>AC4. M=4>B5;89. >4=>A;. ?;>A: M?8B. -=4>B5;8>F8BK, 107. <5<1@0=0.
!5@>7=K5 >1>;. ?5@8:0@4, ?;52@0, 1@NH8=0. A>54. B: 8 <57>B5;89 - >4=>A;. ?;>A:. M?8B ( 5ABL <=>3>O4. :;, <8:@>2>@A8=:8. ?@5?OBAB2. >1@. A?05: A>54 B:. )
<<C=>:><?5B5=B :;. 8<D>F8BK ( - 87 :>AB. <>730, 70B5< 2 ?5@8D. ;8<D. >@30=K. "- 48DD 2 B8<CA5, :8;;5@K, E5;?5@K, AC?@5AA>@K. :;5B>G= 8<<C=) . ;07<0B8G. :; ( 3C<>@0;L 8<<C=8B5B) .
;5B>G=. 8<<C=8B5B. B@0=A?;0=B0F8O ?>O2; "- :8;;5@K 8 "- :;. ?0<OB8, C=8GB>65=85 GC65@>4. :;. C<>@0;L=K9. 0=B835=K 459AB2 =0 "- :8;;5@K, D>@<8@ "- E5;?5@K, 2K@010B <5480B>@K - 0:B82 - ;8<D. ? 8<<C=>3;>1C- ;8=K. "- AC?@5AA>@K - @53C;8@CNB. ;07<0B8G. :;. 2K@010B 0=B8B5;0.
0:@>D03. A8AB. 2A5 :;5B:8, A?>A>1=. : D03>F8B>7C. 0:@>D038 A>54. B:, :@>- 25B2>@. >@30=>2, ;53:8E, ?5@8B>=50;L=K5, <8:@>3;8O. + AB5>:;0ABK, 72574- G0BK5 :;5B:8 A8=CA>84. A>AC4>2 ?5G5=8.
%@OI52K5 B:0=8. 7 0 % 2 0 , :>;;035=. 8AB>35=57: <575=E8<0, CA8;. @07<=. E>=4@>35==. >AB@>2>:. , ?5@28G. E@. B:. , 48DD5@5=F8@>2:0 E@. B:. - =04E@OI8F0, E>=4@>1;0ABK. @8 @535=5@0F88 - @>AB 87=CB@8 ( 8=B5@AB8F80;L=K9) . ;5B:8 ( %>=4@>F8BK: >20;L=, -!, 87>35==K5 3@C??K. A8=B. 3;8:>70<8=>2 8 15;:>2. %>=4@>1;0ABK: C?;>I5==. :;. -!. =0 ?5@8D5@88 E@. ?@>;8D5@0F8O, @535=5- @0F8O E@OI0) . 80;8=>2K9, M;0AB8G ( CE>) , 2>;>:=8ABK9 ( ACAB02K, ?@>G=) .
>AB=K5 B:0=8. 7 0 % =5>@3. 2- 2. , 15;:8, ;8?84K. 8AB>35=57: 87 <575=E8<K, =0 <5AB5 E@OI0. ;5B:8 ( AB5>F8BK: >B@>ABG0BK5, <0;> >@30=5;;, 2 ;0:C=0E. <8=5@0;. 10;;0=A. AB5>1;0ABK: <>;>4K5 :;, -!, =04:>AB8F0. @>AB 8 @535- =5@0F8O. AB5>:;0ABK: :@C?. <=>3>O4. :;. , ? ;87>A><, <8B>E, =04:>AB8F0. @07- @CH. >1K725AB2;. E@OI) . 5B8:C;O@=0O ( C 70@>4KH59, 2 H20E) , ?;0AB8=G0B0O ( ?;0AB, :;5B:8, 0<>@D. 2- 2>, C?>@O4>G. :>;;03. 2>;>:=0. ><?0:B=. 8 3C1G. 2- 2>)
5@5AB@>9:0 ( @57>@1F8O AB0@KE >AB5>=>2, >1@07. =>2KE. D0:B>@K: ?L57>M- ;5:B@. ?@8 =03@C7:0E, ? 28B D , C , ? A - CA8;. 0:B82=. >AB5>:;0AB>2! )
"@C1G0BK5 :>AB8. 80D87 ( =04:>AB8F0, =0@C6 8 2=CB@ 35=5@0;L=K5 ?;0AB8=- :8, <564C 2AB02>G=K5 ?;0AB. 8 >AB5>=K. M=4>>AB. 0AB5B <54;. =04:>AB8F0)
!>54. :>AB59. !8=45A<>7K ( H2K, ?;>B. 2>;>:=. A>54. B:) , !8=E>=4@>7K ( E@OI. ?C;L?>7=. O4@>, D81@. :>;LF>) , !8=>AB>7K ( B07) , !CAB02K ( ACAB. :0?AC;0, A8- =>2. <5<1@0=0, ACAB. ?>2- B8, ACAB. AC<:0) .
@O<>9 >AB5>35=57. 87 <575=E8<K. G5@5?. 1 - A:5;5B>35==K5 B>G:8. 2 - 48DD :;5B>:, >1@07 :>;;035=0. 3 - :0;LF8D8:0F8O ( ?5@5:;048=K, 10;:8, >1@07. A>AC- 4K, A>54. B:. 4 - >1@07. =04:>AB8FK, 35=5@0;L=KE ?;0AB8=>:.
1@0B=K9 >AB5>35=57. B@C1G. :>AB8. 1 . >:>AB5=5=85 480D87>2, E>=4@>F8BK 8 =04E@OI8F0 ? >AB5>F8BK, =04:>AB8F0. 2 . M=4>E>=4@0;L=>5 >:>AB5=5=85 ( >A- B5>=K, 10;:8) . 4 . :>AB5=5=85 480D87>2 ( G0I5 ?>A;5 @>645=8O) .
KH5G=K5 B:0=8. 4;O 42865=8O, AB5=:8 >@30=>2. 0:B8=- <8>78=. :><?;5:A. 3 B8?0. 0728B85: <575=E8<=K5, M?845@<, =59@0;L=. F5;><8G, <8>B><=K5. 535=5@0F8O 45;5=85< <8>F8B>2 8 48DD <8>D81@>1;0AB>2 2 <8>F8BK.
8>=:
>?5@5G=>?>;>A0B0O <. B:. 7>B@>?=K5 48A:8 ( 0:B8=) , 0=87>B@>?=. ( <8>78=) , A8AB 87 1 / 2 87>+ 1 0=87>+ 1 / 2 87> = A0@:><5@. !0@:><5@K, >:@C65=K A0@:>;5<- <>9 8 8<5NB ?>?5@5G=. B@C1>G:8 4;O ?@>254. 8<?C;LA0 ?> <- F5 - "- A8AB5<0.
&5;><8G5A:89 B8?. A5@45G=0O. 28AF. ;8AB>: A?;0=E=>B><0. ;5B:8: A>:@0B8- B5;L=K5 ( C4;8=5==. D. , >1@07 F5?>G:8, 2>;>:=0, A5B8, 03@0=C;-!, <8>D81- @8;;K) , ?@>2>4OI85 ( ? <8>D81@8;;. ?@>254. 2>71) , A5:@5B>@=K5 ( =5?@028;L. D. , A 15;:>2K<8 3@0=C;0<8. 2>4=>- A>;52>9 >1<5=) . 5 2>AAB0=02;820NBAO.
!><0B8G5A:89 B8?. 87 <8>B><>2. <8>A8<?;0AB ( A0@:>;5<<0, <=>65AB2> O45@ 8 <8>D81@8;;! ) , <8>A0B5;;8B>F8BK ( =5B <8>D81@8;;, =0 ?>2- B8 A8<- ?;0AB0. 2<5AB5 >1@07. 2>;>:=>) . 535=5@0F8O <8>A0B5;;8B>F8B0<8 ?@8 ?>2- @5645=88 A0@:>;5<<K >1@07. <KH5G=K5 ?>G:8 ? <8>A8<?;0AB.
KHF0- >@30=. M=4>, ?5@8, M?8<8789. 2>;>:=0 ( A8<?;0AB+ A0B5;;8B>F8BK) , ?CG:8 ( >B45; ?5@8<8785<) . A8=0?AK 4;O 8==5@20F88, ACE>68;85.
58AG5@G5==K9 B8?. <575=E8<0. 25@5B5=>284=. :;. 2 0 - 5 0 0 <:<, 4;8==. O4@>, >@30=5;;K C ?>;NA>2, 2?OG820=8O <5<1@0=K, <8>D8;0<5=BK ?@>4>;L=>. 535=5@0F8O 45;5=85< <8>F8B>2 8 48DD <8>D81@>1;0AB>2 2 <8>F8BK. + <8>M?8B5;80;L=K5 ( C 65;57) , =59@0;L=K5 ( <- FK 7@0G:0)
5@2=K5 B:0=8. 2>71C64. 8 ?5@540G0 8<?C;LA0. =59@>=K 8 =59@>3;8O. @0728- B85 87 =5@2. ?;0AB8=:8. 535=5@0F8O: :;5B:8 - =5B, 2>;>:=0 - E>@>H> ~ 2 =54.
59@>==0O B5>@8O: G0ABL :;5B. B5>@. >1JOA= >@30=87. . !. A=>2. ?>;>65=8O: 1 ) =59@>=- 35=5B8G 8 <>;;5: :0: A0<>AB>OB 548=. 2 ) =59@>= DC=:F8>=8@ 2 A>AB025 AB@C:B. DC=:F8>=. 48=8F =5@2=>9 A8AB5<K; 3 ) 064K9 =59@>= 2 A>AB025 . !. 8<55B :>=:@5B <5AB> 8 53> 0:A>= A;54C5B 8 =0?@02;5= AB@>3> A>>B25BAB ?CB5<; 4 ) 064 =59@>= 8<55B A>1AB2 <5480B>@. "5>@8O >=B8=C=B5B0- @0AA<0B@. =59@>=K :0: >4=> F5;>5; 59@>D81@8;;O@=0O B5>@8O( =5?@8@K2=0O) >A=>20- =0;8G85 =59@>D81@8;;.
59@>=K. B5;>, 0:A>=, 45=4@8BK. =59@>M:B>45@<0. 84K: C=8?>;O@=K5 ( 1 >B@. C 70@>4KH0) , 18?>@O@=K5 ( 2 : =59@8B 8 45=4@8B. A?8@0;. 30=3;89, A5BG0B- :0) , ?A524>C=8?>;O@=K5 ( >1I89 2K@>AB, 2AB02>G=K5) , <C;LB8?>;O@=K5 ( ? >B@, 1 0:A>=) . /4@> 2 F5=B@5, <=>3> >@30=5;;, =59@>D81@8;;K.
!8=0?AK. %8<8G5A:85 ( ?@5- , ?>AB- . <5<1@0=0. A8=0?B. I5;L. A c h , - % . :A>A><0B8G5A:85, 0:A>45=4@8B8G. , 0:A>0:A>=0;L=K5 ( B>@<>65=85) . -;5:B@>B>=8G5A:85 ( ?;>B=K5 :>=B0:BK :;5B>:, 15A?C7K@L:>20O ?5@540G0)
:>=G0=8O. -DD5:B>@=K5 ( :>=5F >A52>3> F8;;. , B5@O5B >1>;. , ?>3@C6 2 <- FC, ?@5- , ?>AB- <5<1@. ?@5A8=0?B8G. ?C7K@L:8, @5F5?B>@K) . 5F5?B>@=K5 ( M?8B5- ;89 - >AO70B. B5;LF0, A>54. B: - ?;0AB8=G0BK5, <- F0 - =5@2=>- <KH. 25@5B5=>, :;5B:8 >;L468.
59@>3;8O. -?5=48<=0O ( :C18G :;. , 2 <>73. 65;C4. , >B@>AB:8 2 3;C1L <>730) , AB@>F8B0@=0O ( 2 &!, ? >B@>AB:>2, 2>:@C3 A>AC4>2, 35<0B>- M=F5D. 10@L5@, >?>@0) , ;83>45=4@>3;8O ( 2A53> 1>;LH5. 25745 2 !, =5?@02. D>@<0, 70I8B0, @073@0=8G5=85, B@>D8:0, @535=5@0F8O 2>;>:>=) , 8:@>3;8O ( =5@2. <0:@>D038)
5@2. 2>;>:=0. 57<85;8=>2K5 ( BO6, 5 - 2 0 0:A>=>2 2 C3;C1;5=8OE ;5<<>F8B>2, 1 - 2 </ A) , 85;8=>2K5 ( BO6, 1 0:A>= ?>3@C65= 2 F8B>?;. ;5<<>F8B>2 8 >:@C65= A?8@0;L=>9 >1>;. 87 3;8>F8B0. 5@E20BK 0=2L5, 5 - 1 2 0 </ A) .
85;8=870F8O - 70:@CG820=85 H20==>2A:>9 :;5B:8 2>:@C3 >A. F8;;8=4@0.
":0=L- 2>7=8:H0O 2 E>45 M2>;NF88 G0AB=0O A8AB5<0 >@30=87<0, A>AB>OI 87 >4=>3> 8;8 =5A:>;L: 48DD5@>=>2 :;5B>: 8 8E ?@>872>4=KE, >1;040NI0O A?5F8D. DC=:F. 1;03>40@O :>>?5@0B82=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 2A5E 5Q M;5<5=B>2. !8AB5<0 3><>;>38G=KE 8 87>DC=:F8>=0;L=KE :;5B>:, 2>7=8:H8E 87 >4=>3> M<1@8>=. 70G0B:0. -?8B5;80;L=K5, B:. 2=CB@. A@54K, =5@2=. , <KH5G=.
575=E8<0: B:0=L 2=CBL A@54K, >1I53> E0@0:B5@0, 35B5@><>@D=0O, @07; D- F88( D>@<8@CNB F8@:C;OB>@=K5 A8A- <K, ?>445@682. 3><5>AB07, D>@<8@. O3:89 A:5;. @30=>2, B25@4 A:5;5B >@30=87<0, D>@<8@ 42830B 0??0@0B ?>;KE 2=CB@ >@30=>2. 0728B85: 0<Q1>F8B>2. > <5@5 @0728B8O :;5B:8 AB0;8 2K?>;=OBL >?>@=. D- F8N. ?@>F5AA5 @0728B8O: B@>D8G, >?>@=- <5E, 70I8B=0O. 575=E8<0 D>@<8@ 87 <57>45@<K, =5<=>3> 87 M:B>45@<K( =59@)
;0AA8D8: B:0=8 B@>D8:8 8 70I8BK( :@>2L, ;8<D>84. B:. ) , B:0=8 2K?>; >?>@=- <5E D- F88
!?5F0;87. :;5B>::
-?8B5;. B:0=L. ?>:@>2. 8 65;578ABK9. 4=>A;>9=K9 ( >4=>@O4=K9 - ?;>A:89, :C18G, ?@87<0B8G. <=>3>@O4=K9 - ?@87<0B8G. ) , <=>3>A;>9=K9 ( >@>3>2520NI89 - ?;>A:89, =5>@>3. - ?;>A:, :C1, ?@87<. ?5@5E>4=K9) . -?8- , M=B5@>- , F5;>=5D@>- , 0=38>45@<0;L=K9 B8?K.
>6=K9 B8?. <=>3>A;. ?;>A:. >@>3>252. ( 1070;L=K9 - F8;; :;. , H8?>20B - <5;0=>F8BK, 75@=8ABK9 - C?;>I5==. , 1;5ABOI - C?;>I5==. :;, @>3>2>9 ( B>;AB) =5>@>3>2 ( @>3>28F0. 07 - ?@87<, H8?>2 - <=>3>C3>;L. , 25@E - ?;>A:85 :;. ) , <=>3>@O4 <5@F0B ( 4KE. ?CB8. <5@F0B, AB2>;>2K5, 1>:0;>284 :;. )
8H5G=K9 B8?. >4=>A;. ?@87<. :05<G0B. ( 6:B. ?@87<0B 8 1>:0;>284 :;. , 65;5- 78AB. :;. )
5;57K. M=4>- , M:7>- . <5@>, 0?>, 3>;>:@8=>2K9 B8? A5:@. @>AB =5@072 B@C1G, 0;L25>;O@, ?@>AB @0725B2; B@C1G, 0;L2. A;>6=. B@C1G- 0;L2.
@>2L 8 ;8<D0. <575=E8<0. A>54 B:0=L. ?;07<0, D>@< M;5<. , D- F88. 35<>- 3@0<<0 - A>>B=. D>@<. M;5<. M@8B@. 4 . 5 - 5 x 1 0 1 2 / ;, ;59:. 4 - 9 x 1 0 9 , B@. 1 8 0 - 3 2 0 E. .
5<>F8B>?>M7. ! >1@. :>;>=8N 2 ;8=88 48DD. 1 ) !, ?@54H5AB2. 3@0=C;>- F8B@0=><C, M@8B@>- , <>=>- , <530:0@5>F8B0@=><C 35<>?>M7C. 2 ) ;8<D>?>M7.
<8:@>>:@C65=85 - DC=:F8>=8@. @5B8:C;. 8 35<>?>MB. M;5<5=B>2 =5@07@K2=>. =C6=> 4;O CA?5H=>9 48DD AB2>;>2KE :;5B>:.
;0AA8D8:0F8O. M@8B@>F8BK, ;59:>F8BK ( 3@0=C;>F8BK: =59B@, M>78=, 107>- D8;K, 03@0=C;>F8BK: ;8<D>F8BK, <>=>F8BK) , B@><1>F8BK.
-@8B@>F8BK ( 4 . 5 - 5 x 1 0 1 2 / ;, 48A:, H b A , =5B O4@0. 6825B 1 2 0 4=. D- F88. -@- ?>M7. M@8B@>1;0AB - ?@>M@8B@>1;0AB - ?>;8E@><0B>D8;L=K9 M- 1. - >:A8D8;L- =K9 M- 1. - @5B8:C;>F8B - M@8B@>F8B.
"@><1>F8BK. 1 8 0 - 3 2 0 E1 0 9 / ;. 380;><5@ 8 3@0=C;><5@, <8B>E. , -!, A25@B. :@>28. >M7: 530:0@5>1;0AB - ?@><530:0@5>F8B - <530:0@5>F8B - B@><1>F8BK.
59:>F8BK ( 3@0=C;>F8BK: =59B@ 4 7 - 7 2 % , M>78= 1 - 5 % , 107>D8;K 1 % , 03@0=C- ;>F8BK: ;8<D>F8BK 2 0 - 4 0 % , <>=>F8BK 3 - 1 1 % ) . 59B@>D8;K ( 1 0 - 1 2 <:<, A53< O4@>, <5;:. 75@=. 3@0=C;K, <=>3> ;87>A><, D03>F8B>7) . ->78=>D8;K ( 2 A53< O4@0, :@C?= 75@=. 1 2 - 1 5 <:<, >:A8D8;L. , A53<5=B>O4, ?0;>G:>O4, N=K5) . 07>- D8;K ( 1 0 <:<, O4@> =5?@02. D>@<K, :@C?= 75@=, @53C; 35<>AB07, <5B01>;. 35- ?0@8=0, 0;;5@3. @- F88) . >M7: <85;>1;0AB, ?@><85;>F8B, =59B@. <85;>F8BK ( 3@0=C;K, O4@> <5=O5B D. ) , <5B0<85;>F8BK ( N=K5) , ?0;>G:>O4, A53<5=B>O4) , M>78=>D8;L. ( ?>E>685) , 107>D8;L=K5 ( 75@=0, :@C3;>5 O4@>)
3@0=C;>F8BK: ;8<D>F8BK ( 7 - 9 <:<, 1>;LH :@C3; O4@>. T - , - , A?5F8D. 8<<C- =8B5B) , <>=>F8BK ( 2 0 - 2 5 <:<, 1>1>284 O4@>, A25B; F8B>?;, <0:@>D038) . >M7: >=>F8B>1;0AB - ?@><>=>F8B - <>=>F8B. "- >1@07. 2 B8<CA5, <>3CB 48DD5@5=F8@. 2 "- :8;;5@K( 2 A5;575=:5 8 ;8<D>C7;0E) CG0AB2CNB 2 :;5B. 8<<C=8B5B5- C=8GB 35=5B GC65@>4 :;5B:8; "- E5;?5@K 8 AC?@5AA>@K( CG0AB2. @53C; 3C<>@. 8<<C=8B5B0) , 8<D>1;0AB - ?@>;8<D>F8B - ;- F8B. , 48DD5@5=F8@>2:0 =0 "- ;8<D>F8BK.
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
$81@>1;0AB. <575=E8<0 5@5B5=>>1@. A8=B57 :>;;035=0, 3;N:>70<8=>2, 70- 682;. @0=, >1@07 2>;>:>=. 4 B8?0: <0;>A?5F80;878@. ( <0;. A8=B57) , 7@5;K5, D81@>F8BK ( <0;. A8=B57) , D81@>:;0ABK ( @0AA0A. <56:;5B. 2- 20) .
56:;5B. 2- 2>. >;;035=. 2>;>:=0 ( =5@0ABO68<K5 >:A8D8;L=. BO68, ?@>G=. ) , M;0AB8G 2>;>:=0 ( 4;8==K5 @0725B2;5==, <O3:85, 0<>@D 8 <8:@>D81@8;;. :><- ?>=5=BK) , 0<>@D=>5 2- 2> ( ABC45=8AB0O $ A@540, 15;:8, ;8?84K, <8= A>;8)
;>B=. A>54 B:. <=>3> 2>;>:>=, <0;> 0<>@D. 2- 20, >D>@<;5==0O, =5>D>@<;. , ACE>68;85, D81@>7=K5 <5<1@0=K, A2O7:8. <=>3> D81@>1;0AB>2 8 - F8B>2.
!. B:. A> A?5F. A2- 20<8. 5B8:C;O@=0O ( 5B8:C;>F8BK - 72574G0B>9 D>@<K, >1@07. A5BL 2 :@>25B2>@. >@30=0E ( <8:@>>:@C6) . 5B8:C;. 2>;>:=0 - AB@><0) .
8@>20O B:0=L ( 5;0O - 4>;L:8 87 048?>F8B>2, @KE; A>54 B:, A>AC4K, <>18- ;870F8O 68@0. C@0O - <=>3> F8B>E@><>2, 2K45;5=85 ?@8 38?>B5@<88) , !;8- 78AB0O ( ?C?>G. :0=0B8:, B>;L:> D81@>1;0ABK) , ?83<5=B=0O ( <5;0=>F8BK)
!>AC4. M=4>B5;89. >4=>A;. ?;>A: M?8B. -=4>B5;8>F8BK, 107. <5<1@0=0.
!5@>7=K5 >1>;. ?5@8:0@4, ?;52@0, 1@NH8=0. A>54. B: 8 <57>B5;89 - >4=>A;. ?;>A:. M?8B ( 5ABL <=>3>O4. :;, <8:@>2>@A8=:8. ?@5?OBAB2. >1@. A?05: A>54 B:. )
<<C=>:><?5B5=B :;. 8<D>F8BK ( - 87 :>AB. <>730, 70B5< 2 ?5@8D. ;8<D. >@30=K. "- 48DD 2 B8<CA5, :8;;5@K, E5;?5@K, AC?@5AA>@K. :;5B>G= 8<<C=) . ;07<0B8G. :; ( 3C<>@0;L 8<<C=8B5B) .
;5B>G=. 8<<C=8B5B. B@0=A?;0=B0F8O ?>O2; "- :8;;5@K 8 "- :;. ?0<OB8, C=8GB>65=85 GC65@>4. :;. C<>@0;L=K9. 0=B835=K 459AB2 =0 "- :8;;5@K, D>@<8@ "- E5;?5@K, 2K@010B <5480B>@K - 0:B82 - ;8<D. ? 8<<C=>3;>1C- ;8=K. "- AC?@5AA>@K - @53C;8@CNB. ;07<0B8G. :;. 2K@010B 0=B8B5;0.
0:@>D03. A8AB. 2A5 :;5B:8, A?>A>1=. : D03>F8B>7C. 0:@>D038 A>54. B:, :@>- 25B2>@. >@30=>2, ;53:8E, ?5@8B>=50;L=K5, <8:@>3;8O. + AB5>:;0ABK, 72574- G0BK5 :;5B:8 A8=CA>84. A>AC4>2 ?5G5=8.
%@OI52K5 B:0=8. 7 0 % 2 0 , :>;;035=. 8AB>35=57: <575=E8<0, CA8;. @07<=. E>=4@>35==. >AB@>2>:. , ?5@28G. E@. B:. , 48DD5@5=F8@>2:0 E@. B:. - =04E@OI8F0, E>=4@>1;0ABK. @8 @535=5@0F88 - @>AB 87=CB@8 ( 8=B5@AB8F80;L=K9) . ;5B:8 ( %>=4@>F8BK: >20;L=, -!, 87>35==K5 3@C??K. A8=B. 3;8:>70<8=>2 8 15;:>2. %>=4@>1;0ABK: C?;>I5==. :;. -!. =0 ?5@8D5@88 E@. ?@>;8D5@0F8O, @535=5- @0F8O E@OI0) . 80;8=>2K9, M;0AB8G ( CE>) , 2>;>:=8ABK9 ( ACAB02K, ?@>G=) .
>AB=K5 B:0=8. 7 0 % =5>@3. 2- 2. , 15;:8, ;8?84K. 8AB>35=57: 87 <575=E8<K, =0 <5AB5 E@OI0. ;5B:8 ( AB5>F8BK: >B@>ABG0BK5, <0;> >@30=5;;, 2 ;0:C=0E. <8=5@0;. 10;;0=A. AB5>1;0ABK: <>;>4K5 :;, -!, =04:>AB8F0. @>AB 8 @535- =5@0F8O. AB5>:;0ABK: :@C?. <=>3>O4. :;. , ? ;87>A><, <8B>E, =04:>AB8F0. @07- @CH. >1K725AB2;. E@OI) . 5B8:C;O@=0O ( C 70@>4KH59, 2 H20E) , ?;0AB8=G0B0O ( ?;0AB, :;5B:8, 0<>@D. 2- 2>, C?>@O4>G. :>;;03. 2>;>:=0. ><?0:B=. 8 3C1G. 2- 2>)
5@5AB@>9:0 ( @57>@1F8O AB0@KE >AB5>=>2, >1@07. =>2KE. D0:B>@K: ?L57>M- ;5:B@. ?@8 =03@C7:0E, ? 28B D , C , ? A - CA8;. 0:B82=. >AB5>:;0AB>2! )
"@C1G0BK5 :>AB8. 80D87 ( =04:>AB8F0, =0@C6 8 2=CB@ 35=5@0;L=K5 ?;0AB8=- :8, <564C 2AB02>G=K5 ?;0AB. 8 >AB5>=K. M=4>>AB. 0AB5B <54;. =04:>AB8F0)
!>54. :>AB59. !8=45A<>7K ( H2K, ?;>B. 2>;>:=. A>54. B:) , !8=E>=4@>7K ( E@OI. ?C;L?>7=. O4@>, D81@. :>;LF>) , !8=>AB>7K ( B07) , !CAB02K ( ACAB. :0?AC;0, A8- =>2. <5<1@0=0, ACAB. ?>2- B8, ACAB. AC<:0) .
@O<>9 >AB5>35=57. 87 <575=E8<K. G5@5?. 1 - A:5;5B>35==K5 B>G:8. 2 - 48DD :;5B>:, >1@07 :>;;035=0. 3 - :0;LF8D8:0F8O ( ?5@5:;048=K, 10;:8, >1@07. A>AC- 4K, A>54. B:. 4 - >1@07. =04:>AB8FK, 35=5@0;L=KE ?;0AB8=>:.
1@0B=K9 >AB5>35=57. B@C1G. :>AB8. 1 . >:>AB5=5=85 480D87>2, E>=4@>F8BK 8 =04E@OI8F0 ? >AB5>F8BK, =04:>AB8F0. 2 . M=4>E>=4@0;L=>5 >:>AB5=5=85 ( >A- B5>=K, 10;:8) . 4 . :>AB5=5=85 480D87>2 ( G0I5 ?>A;5 @>645=8O) .
KH5G=K5 B:0=8. 4;O 42865=8O, AB5=:8 >@30=>2. 0:B8=- <8>78=. :><?;5:A. 3 B8?0. 0728B85: <575=E8<=K5, M?845@<, =59@0;L=. F5;><8G, <8>B><=K5. 535=5@0F8O 45;5=85< <8>F8B>2 8 48DD <8>D81@>1;0AB>2 2 <8>F8BK.
8>=:
>?5@5G=>?>;>A0B0O <. B:. 7>B@>?=K5 48A:8 ( 0:B8=) , 0=87>B@>?=. ( <8>78=) , A8AB 87 1 / 2 87>+ 1 0=87>+ 1 / 2 87> = A0@:><5@. !0@:><5@K, >:@C65=K A0@:>;5<- <>9 8 8<5NB ?>?5@5G=. B@C1>G:8 4;O ?@>254. 8<?C;LA0 ?> <- F5 - "- A8AB5<0.
&5;><8G5A:89 B8?. A5@45G=0O. 28AF. ;8AB>: A?;0=E=>B><0. ;5B:8: A>:@0B8- B5;L=K5 ( C4;8=5==. D. , >1@07 F5?>G:8, 2>;>:=0, A5B8, 03@0=C;-!, <8>D81- @8;;K) , ?@>2>4OI85 ( ? <8>D81@8;;. ?@>254. 2>71) , A5:@5B>@=K5 ( =5?@028;L. D. , A 15;:>2K<8 3@0=C;0<8. 2>4=>- A>;52>9 >1<5=) . 5 2>AAB0=02;820NBAO.
!><0B8G5A:89 B8?. 87 <8>B><>2. <8>A8<?;0AB ( A0@:>;5<<0, <=>65AB2> O45@ 8 <8>D81@8;;! ) , <8>A0B5;;8B>F8BK ( =5B <8>D81@8;;, =0 ?>2- B8 A8<- ?;0AB0. 2<5AB5 >1@07. 2>;>:=>) . 535=5@0F8O <8>A0B5;;8B>F8B0<8 ?@8 ?>2- @5645=88 A0@:>;5<<K >1@07. <KH5G=K5 ?>G:8 ? <8>A8<?;0AB.
KHF0- >@30=. M=4>, ?5@8, M?8<8789. 2>;>:=0 ( A8<?;0AB+ A0B5;;8B>F8BK) , ?CG:8 ( >B45; ?5@8<8785<) . A8=0?AK 4;O 8==5@20F88, ACE>68;85.
58AG5@G5==K9 B8?. <575=E8<0. 25@5B5=>284=. :;. 2 0 - 5 0 0 <:<, 4;8==. O4@>, >@30=5;;K C ?>;NA>2, 2?OG820=8O <5<1@0=K, <8>D8;0<5=BK ?@>4>;L=>. 535=5@0F8O 45;5=85< <8>F8B>2 8 48DD <8>D81@>1;0AB>2 2 <8>F8BK. + <8>M?8B5;80;L=K5 ( C 65;57) , =59@0;L=K5 ( <- FK 7@0G:0)
5@2=K5 B:0=8. 2>71C64. 8 ?5@540G0 8<?C;LA0. =59@>=K 8 =59@>3;8O. @0728- B85 87 =5@2. ?;0AB8=:8. 535=5@0F8O: :;5B:8 - =5B, 2>;>:=0 - E>@>H> ~ 2 =54.
59@>==0O B5>@8O: G0ABL :;5B. B5>@. >1JOA= >@30=87. . !. A=>2. ?>;>65=8O: 1 ) =59@>=- 35=5B8G 8 <>;;5: :0: A0<>AB>OB 548=. 2 ) =59@>= DC=:F8>=8@ 2 A>AB025 AB@C:B. DC=:F8>=. 48=8F =5@2=>9 A8AB5<K; 3 ) 064K9 =59@>= 2 A>AB025 . !. 8<55B :>=:@5B <5AB> 8 53> 0:A>= A;54C5B 8 =0?@02;5= AB@>3> A>>B25BAB ?CB5<; 4 ) 064 =59@>= 8<55B A>1AB2 <5480B>@. "5>@8O >=B8=C=B5B0- @0AA<0B@. =59@>=K :0: >4=> F5;>5; 59@>D81@8;;O@=0O B5>@8O( =5?@8@K2=0O) >A=>20- =0;8G85 =59@>D81@8;;.
59@>=K. B5;>, 0:A>=, 45=4@8BK. =59@>M:B>45@<0. 84K: C=8?>;O@=K5 ( 1 >B@. C 70@>4KH0) , 18?>@O@=K5 ( 2 : =59@8B 8 45=4@8B. A?8@0;. 30=3;89, A5BG0B- :0) , ?A524>C=8?>;O@=K5 ( >1I89 2K@>AB, 2AB02>G=K5) , <C;LB8?>;O@=K5 ( ? >B@, 1 0:A>=) . /4@> 2 F5=B@5, <=>3> >@30=5;;, =59@>D81@8;;K.
!8=0?AK. %8<8G5A:85 ( ?@5- , ?>AB- . <5<1@0=0. A8=0?B. I5;L. A c h , - % . :A>A><0B8G5A:85, 0:A>45=4@8B8G. , 0:A>0:A>=0;L=K5 ( B>@<>65=85) . -;5:B@>B>=8G5A:85 ( ?;>B=K5 :>=B0:BK :;5B>:, 15A?C7K@L:>20O ?5@540G0)
:>=G0=8O. -DD5:B>@=K5 ( :>=5F >A52>3> F8;;. , B5@O5B >1>;. , ?>3@C6 2 <- FC, ?@5- , ?>AB- <5<1@. ?@5A8=0?B8G. ?C7K@L:8, @5F5?B>@K) . 5F5?B>@=K5 ( M?8B5- ;89 - >AO70B. B5;LF0, A>54. B: - ?;0AB8=G0BK5, <- F0 - =5@2=>- <KH. 25@5B5=>, :;5B:8 >;L468.
59@>3;8O. -?5=48<=0O ( :C18G :;. , 2 <>73. 65;C4. , >B@>AB:8 2 3;C1L <>730) , AB@>F8B0@=0O ( 2 &!, ? >B@>AB:>2, 2>:@C3 A>AC4>2, 35<0B>- M=F5D. 10@L5@, >?>@0) , ;83>45=4@>3;8O ( 2A53> 1>;LH5. 25745 2 !, =5?@02. D>@<0, 70I8B0, @073@0=8G5=85, B@>D8:0, @535=5@0F8O 2>;>:>=) , 8:@>3;8O ( =5@2. <0:@>D038)
5@2. 2>;>:=0. 57<85;8=>2K5 ( BO6, 5 - 2 0 0:A>=>2 2 C3;C1;5=8OE ;5<<>F8B>2, 1 - 2 </ A) , 85;8=>2K5 ( BO6, 1 0:A>= ?>3@C65= 2 F8B>?;. ;5<<>F8B>2 8 >:@C65= A?8@0;L=>9 >1>;. 87 3;8>F8B0. 5@E20BK 0=2L5, 5 - 1 2 0 </ A) .
85;8=870F8O - 70:@CG820=85 H20==>2A:>9 :;5B:8 2>:@C3 >A. F8;;8=4@0.
Соседние файлы в папке Гистология