- •CONTENTS
- •PREFACE
- •CONTRIBUTORS
- •1.1 Introduction
- •1.2 Trends in Sensor Development
- •1.3 Mission-Oriented Sensor Networks: Dynamic Systems Perspective
- •References
- •2 Sensor Deployment, Self-Organization, and Localization
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.2 SCARE: A Scalable Self-Configuration and Adaptive Reconfiguration Scheme for Dense Sensor Networks
- •2.3 Robust Sensor Positioning in Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
- •2.4 Trigonometric k Clustering (TKC) for Censored Distance Estimation
- •2.5 Sensing Coverage and Breach Paths in Surveillance Wireless Sensor Networks
- •References
- •3 Purposeful Mobility and Navigation
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Controlled Mobility for Efficient Data Gathering in Sensor Networks with Passively Mobile Nodes
- •3.3 Purposeful Mobility in Tactical Sensor Networks
- •3.4 Formation and Alignment of Distributed Sensing Agents with Double-Integrator Dynamics and Actuator Saturation
- •3.5 Modeling and Enhancing the Data Capacity of Wireless Sensor Networks
PREFACE
In recent years, interest in sensor networks has evolved from a subject solely of research to one of deployed systems. As new applications have arisen that use sensor networks, the demands on these networks have grown. One of the main challenges with these networks is how to manage missions from application requirements to network operation. By their nature, most sensor networks are mission specific. They therefore place specific requirements on network systems that in turn dictate the use of certain algorithms.
In this book we present the state-of-the art on methods for sensor network operations. This includes algorithms for configuring networks to meet mission requirements and applications in the real world.
FOCUS
The focus of this book is on sensor network operations, starting from translating mission specifications into operational algorithms and applications. The technologies presented are general in terms of the types of transducers and data being gathered.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
This book is intended for researchers and practitioners interested in any aspect of sensor network operations. For researchers, this book serves as a starting point into research in areas such as algorithms for sensor placement, power management, routing, or applications of sensor networks. It may serve as a comprehensive tutorial or be used as the basis for new research projects. For practitioners, this book contains many algorithms, protocols, and experiments that will prove useful in the design and deployment of mission-specific sensor networks.
ORGANIZATION
This book is organized into three parts. The first part provides the motivation and overview of the book and gives a background on sensor platforms and mission-oriented sensor networks. The second part of the book is arranged into seven chapters and presents many
xiii
xiv PREFACE
algorithms for controlling sensor networks. This includes deployment and localization, mobility management, low layer protocols, routing, power management, data gathering and dissemination, and security. The third part of the book presents several sensor network applications and illustrates how sensor networks may be used.
SHASHI PHOHA
THOMAS LAPORTA
CHRISTOPHER GRIFFIN
January 2006
CONTRIBUTORS
Gordon B. Agnew, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Anish Arora, Ohio State University, Computer Science & Engineering, Columbus, Ohio
Mahesh Arumugam, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
Saurabh Bagchi, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Kiran S. Balagani, Pennsylvania State University, Mechanical Engineering, State College, Pennsylvania
N. Balakrishnan, Indian Institute of Science, Supercomputing Research Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Pierre Baldi, Center for Pervasive Communications and Computing, Irvine, California
Steve Beck, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
Pratik K. Biswas, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Hasan C¸ am, Arizona State University, Computer Science and Engineering, Tempe, Arizona
Guohong Cao, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Krishnendu Chakrabarty, Duke University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
Chang Wen Chen, Florida Institute of Technology, Electrical Computer Engineering, Melbourne, Florida
Wook Choi, University of Texas at Arlington, Computer Science and Engineering, Arlington, Texas
Kaviraj Chopra, University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson,
Arizona
Song Ci, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
Sajal K. Das, University of Texas at Arlington, Computer Science and Engineering, Arlington, Texas
Sridhar Dasika, University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson,
Arizona
Hakan Deli¸c, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
Murat Demirbas, Ohio State University, Computer Science & Engineering, Columbus,
Ohio
xv
xvi CONTRIBUTORS
Roberto Di Pietro, Universit`a, di Roma, Dipartimento di Informatica, Roma, Italy
Tassos Dimitriou, Athens Information Technology, Athens, Greece
Cem Ersoy, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
Mohamed Gouda, University of Texas at Austin, Computer Sciences, Austin, Texas
Stanley Grant, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology, La Jolla, California
Eric Grele, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Christopher Griffin, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Bechir Hamdaoui, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Sharif Hamid, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Computer and Electronics Engineering, Omaha, Nebraska
Kristin Herlugson, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
Anh Tuan Hoang, National University of Singapore, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Singapore
Alireza Hodjat, UCLA, Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California
Fei Hu, Rochester Institute of Technology, Computer Engineering Department, Rochester, New York
Tzonelih Hwang, National Cheng Kung University, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
S.S. Iyengar, Louisiana State University, Computer Science Department, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Ekta Jain, University of Texas at Arlington, Electrical Engineering, Arlington, Texas
Xiang Ji, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Universtiy Park, Pennsylvania
Holger Junker, Wearable Computing Lab, EE, Zurich, Switzerland
Raja Jurdak, University of California, Irvine, Information and Computer Science, Irvine, California
G. Kesidis, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
John Koch, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Ioannis Krontiris, Athens Information Technology, Athens, Greece
Sandeep Kulkarni, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
Thomas LaPorta, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Bennett Lau, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Ha V. Le, Vientnam National University, Computer Science Department, Hanoi, Vietnam
Duke Lee, UC Berkeley, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley,
California
Myung J. Lee, City College of New York, Electrical Engineering, New York, New York
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
Tian-Fu Lee, National Cheng Kung University, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
Zhiyuan Li, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Jie Lian, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Qilian Liang, University of Texas at Arlington, Electrical Engineering, Arlington, Texas
R.Logananthraj, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Center for Advanced Computer Studies, Lafayette, Louisiana
Cristina Videira Lopes, University of California, Irvine, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Irvine, California
Yung-Hsiang Lu, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Stefan Lucks, NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories, Heidelberg, Germany and Mannheim University, Computer Science, Mannheim, Germany
Paul Lukowicz, Electronics Laboratory, EE, Zurich, Switzerland
Bharat Madan, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
Nipoon Malhotra, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Luigi V. Mancini, University of Rome, Department of Information, Rome, Italy
Carter May, Rochester Institute of Technology, Computer Engineering Department, Rochester, New York
Alessandro Mei, University of Rome, Department of Information, Rome, Italy
Mehul Motani, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
Amit U. Nadgar, Pennsylvania State University, Mechanical Engineering, State College,
Pennsylvania
Kshirasagar Naik, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Prashant Nair, Arizona State University, Computer Science and Engineering, Tempe,
Arizona
Fotios Nikakis, Athens Information Technology, Athens, Greece
Krishna Nuli, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Computer and Electronics Engineering, Omaha, Nebraska
Ertan Onur, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
Suat Ozdemir, Arizona State University, Computer Science and Engineering, Tempe,
Arizona
Symeon Papavassiliou, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Newark, New Jersey
Shashi Phoha, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
Vir V. Phoha, Louisiana Tech University, Computer Science, Ruston, Louisiana
Raviraj Prasad, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Computer and Electronics Engineering, Omaha, Nebraska
Hairong Qi, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
xviii CONTRIBUTORS
Parmeswaran Ramanathan, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Vaithiyam Ramesh, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
Hamid Sharif, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
Asok Ray, Pennsylvania State University, Mechanical Engineering, University Park,
Pennsylvania
Sandip Roy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
Harshavardhan Sabbineni, Duke University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Durham, North Carolina
Ali Saberi, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
H. Ozgur Sanli, Arizona State University, Computer Science and Engineering, Tempe, Arizona
Vrudhula Sarma, University of Arizona, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson,
Arizona
Guna Seetharaman, Air Force Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio
Sivakumar Sellumuthu, Wayne State University, Computer Science, Detroit, Michigan
Sengupta Raja, UC Berkeley, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Berkeley,
California
Kewei Sha, Wayne State University, Computer Science, Detroit, Michigan
Weisong Shi, Wayne State University, Computer Science, Detroit, Michigan
Waqaas Siddiqui, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
Yuldi Tirta, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Gerhard Troester, Wearable Computing Lab, EE, Zurich, Switzerland
Pravin Varaiya, UC Berkeley, Civil Engineering, Berkeley, California
Raviteja Varanasi, Pennsylvania State University, Mechanical Engineering, State
College, Pennsylvania
Ingrid Verbauwhede, UCLA, Electrical Engineering, Los Angeles, California
Xiaoling Wang, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
Andr´e Weimerskirch, Ruhr-University Bochum, Communication Security, Bochum,
Germany
Hsiang-An Wen, National Cheng Kung University, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
Dirk Westhoff, NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories, Heidelberg, Germany and Mannheim University, Computer Science, Mannheim, Germany
Min Wu, University of Missouri–Columbia, Electrical Engineering, Columbia, Missouri
Jie Yang, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Newark, New Jersey
Bin Yao, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
CONTRIBUTORS xix
Erik Zenner, NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories, Heidelberg, Germany and Mannheim University, Computer Science, Mannheim, Germany
Hongyuan Zha, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, State College, Pennsylvania
Jianliang Zheng, City College of New York, Electrical Engineering, New York, New York
Jin Zhu, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Newark, New Jersey
I
SENSOR NETWORK OPERATIONS OVERVIEW