- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Acknowledgments
- •Contents
- •Contributors
- •1.2 Forehead Augmentation
- •1.2.1 Discussion
- •1.3.1 Discussion
- •1.4 Rhinoplasty
- •1.4.1 Discussion
- •1.5 Lip Augmentation
- •1.5.1 Discussion
- •1.6 Chin and Jaw Augmentation
- •1.6.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Forehead Augmentation
- •Rhinoplasty
- •Lip Augmentation
- •Jaw Augmentation
- •2: Imaging the Postoperative Orbit
- •2.1 Eyelid Weights
- •2.1.1 Discussion
- •2.2 Palpebral Springs
- •2.2.1 Discussion
- •2.3.1 Discussion
- •2.4.1 Discussion
- •2.5.1 Discussion
- •2.6.1 Discussion
- •2.7 Strabismus Surgery
- •2.7.1 Discussion
- •2.8 Glaucoma Surgery
- •2.8.1 Discussion
- •2.9 Scleral Buckles
- •2.9.1 Discussion
- •2.10 Keratoprostheses
- •2.10.1 Discussion
- •2.11 Intraocular Lens Implants
- •2.11.1 Discussion
- •2.12 Surgical Aphakia
- •2.12.1 Discussion
- •2.13 Pneumatic Retinopexy
- •2.13.1 Discussion
- •2.14 Intraocular Silicone Oil
- •2.14.1 Discussion
- •2.15.1 Discussion
- •2.16 Orbital Tissue Expanders
- •2.16.1 Discussion
- •2.17 Orbital Exenteration
- •2.17.1 Discussion
- •2.18.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Eyelid Weights
- •Palpebral Spring
- •Frontalis Suspension Ptosis Repair
- •Strabismus Surgery
- •Glaucoma Surgery
- •Scleral Buckles
- •Keratoprostheses
- •Intraocular Lens Implants
- •Surgical Aphakia
- •Pneumatic Retinopexy
- •Intraocular Silicone Oil
- •Orbital Tissue Expanders
- •Orbital Exenteration
- •3.1.1 Discussion
- •3.2 Septoplasty
- •3.2.1 Discussion
- •3.3.1 Discussion
- •3.4.1 Discussion
- •3.5 Nasal Packing Material
- •3.5.1 Discussion
- •3.6 Rhinectomy
- •3.6.1 Discussion
- •3.7 Sinus Lift Procedure
- •3.7.1 Discussion
- •3.8 Caldwell-Luc Procedure
- •3.8.1 Discussion
- •3.9 External Ethmoidectomy
- •3.9.1 Discussion
- •3.10.1 Discussion
- •3.11 FESS Complications
- •3.11.1 Discussion
- •3.11.2 Discussion
- •3.11.3 Discussion
- •3.11.4 Discussion
- •3.11.5 Discussion
- •3.11.6 Discussion
- •3.11.7 Discussion
- •3.11.8 Discussion
- •3.11.9 Discussion
- •3.11.10 Discussion
- •3.11.11 Discussion
- •3.12 Osteoplastic Flap with Frontal Sinus Obliteration
- •3.12.1 Discussion
- •3.13 Frontal Sinus Cranialization
- •3.13.1 Discussion
- •3.14 Paranasal Sinus Stents
- •3.14.1 Discussion
- •3.15 Frontal Sinus Trephination
- •3.15.1 Discussion
- •3.16.1 Discussion
- •3.17.1 Discussion
- •3.18 Maxillary Swing
- •3.18.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Septoplasty
- •Nasal Septal Button Prosthesis
- •Nasal Packing Material
- •Rhinectomy
- •Sinus Lift
- •Caldwell-Luc Procedure
- •External Ethmoidectomy
- •Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
- •FESS Complications
- •Osteoplastic Flap with Frontal Sinus Obliteration
- •Frontal Sinus Cranialization
- •Paranasal Sinus Stents
- •Frontal Sinus Trephination
- •Maxillectomy and Palatectomy
- •Maxillary Swing
- •4.1 Occipital Nerve Stimulator
- •4.1.1 Discussion
- •4.2 Tissue Expander
- •4.2.1 Discussion
- •4.3 Temporal Fossa Implants
- •4.3.1 Discussion
- •4.4.1 Discussion
- •4.5.1 Discussion
- •4.6.1 Discussion
- •4.7 Scalp Tumor Recurrence
- •4.7.1 Discussion
- •4.8 Burr Holes
- •4.8.1 Discussion
- •4.9 Craniotomy
- •4.9.1 Discussion
- •4.10 Cranioplasty
- •4.10.1 Discussion
- •4.11 Autocranioplasty
- •4.11.1 Discussion
- •4.12.1 Discussion
- •4.14.1 Discussion
- •4.15 Box Osteotomy
- •4.16.1 Discussion
- •4.17.1 Discussion
- •4.18.1 Discussion
- •4.19 Subdural Drainage Catheters
- •4.19.1 Discussion
- •4.20.1 Tension Pneumocephalus
- •4.20.5 Pseudomeningoceles
- •4.20.6 Pseudoaneurysm
- •4.20.7 Postoperative Infection
- •4.20.8 Textiloma
- •4.20.9 Sunken Skin Flap Syndrome
- •4.20.10 External Brain Herniation
- •4.20.11 Bone Flap Resorption
- •Further Reading
- •Occipital Nerve Stimulator
- •Tissue Expander
- •Temporal Fossa Implant
- •Scalp Tumor Recurrence
- •Box Osteotomy
- •Absorbable Hemostatic Agents
- •Duraplasty and Sealant Agents
- •Burr Holes
- •Craniotomy
- •Cranioplasty
- •Autocranioplasty
- •Cranial Vault Reconstruction for Craniosynostosis
- •Cranial Vault Encephalocele Repair
- •Subdural Drainage Catheters
- •Intracranial Pressure Monitor
- •Cranial Surgery Complications
- •5.1 Intraoperative MRI
- •5.1.1 Discussion
- •5.2.1 Stereotactic Biopsy
- •5.2.1.1 Discussion
- •5.2.2 Resection Cavities
- •5.2.2.1 Discussion
- •5.2.3 Ommaya Reservoirs
- •5.2.3.1 Discussion
- •5.2.4 Chemotherapy Wafers
- •5.2.4.1 Discussion
- •5.2.5 Brachytherapy Seeds
- •5.2.5.1 Discussion
- •5.2.6.1 Discussion
- •5.3.1 Prefrontal Lobotomy
- •5.3.1.1 Discussion
- •5.3.2 Pallidotomy
- •5.3.2.1 Discussion
- •5.3.3 Cingulotomy
- •5.3.3.1 Discussion
- •5.3.4.1 Discussion
- •5.3.4.2 Thalamotomy
- •5.3.5 Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
- •5.3.5.1 Discussion
- •5.3.6.1 Discussion
- •5.3.7.1 Discussion
- •5.3.8.1 Discussion
- •5.3.9.1 Discussion
- •5.3.10 Corticectomy
- •5.3.10.1 Discussion
- •5.3.11.1 Discussion
- •5.3.12.1 Discussion
- •5.3.13 Callosotomy
- •5.3.13.1 Discussion
- •5.3.14 Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
- •5.3.14.1 Discussion
- •5.3.15.1 Discussion
- •5.3.16 Hemispherectomy
- •5.3.16.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Intraoperative MRI
- •Brain Tumor Surgery
- •Stereotactic Biopsy
- •Resection Cavities
- •Postoperative Hemorrhagic Lesions
- •Ommaya Reservoirs
- •Chemotherapy Wafers
- •Brachytherapy Seeds
- •GliaSite Radiation Therapy System
- •Prefrontal Lobotomy
- •Pallidotomy
- •Cingulotomy
- •Thalamotomy
- •Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
- •Epidural Motor Cortex Stimulator
- •Neural Interface System (BrainGate)
- •Corticectomy
- •Selective Disconnection
- •Callosotomy
- •Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
- •Hemispherectomy
- •6.1 Types of Procedures
- •6.1.1 External Ventricular Drainage
- •6.1.1.1 Discussion
- •6.1.2.1 Discussion
- •6.1.3 Atypical Ventricular Shunts
- •6.1.3.1 Discussion
- •6.1.4 Ventriculosubgaleal Shunts
- •6.1.4.1 Discussion
- •6.1.5.1 Discussion
- •6.1.6.1 Discussion
- •6.1.7 Subdural-Peritoneal Shunts
- •6.1.7.1 Discussion
- •6.1.8.1 Discussion
- •6.1.9.1 Discussion
- •6.1.10 Lumboperitoneal Shunts
- •6.1.10.1 Discussion
- •6.1.11 Third Ventriculocisternostomy
- •6.1.11.1 Discussion
- •6.1.12.1 Discussion
- •6.1.13 Aqueductoplasty
- •6.1.13.1 Discussion
- •6.1.14.1 Discussion
- •6.2.1.1 Discussion
- •6.2.2.1 Discussion
- •6.2.3 Intraventricular Fat Migration
- •6.2.3.1 Discussion
- •6.2.4.1 Discussion
- •6.2.5.1 Discussion
- •6.2.6 Slit Ventricle Syndrome
- •6.2.6.1 Discussion
- •6.2.7.1 Discussion
- •6.2.8 Shunt-Associated Infections
- •6.2.8.1 Discussion
- •6.2.9.1 Discussion
- •6.2.10.1 Discussion
- •6.2.11.1 Discussion
- •6.2.12 Peritoneal Pseudocysts
- •6.2.12.1 Discussion
- •6.2.13.1 Discussion
- •6.2.14 Tumor Seeding
- •6.2.14.1 Discussion
- •6.2.15 Shunt Catheter Calcification
- •6.2.15.1 Discussion
- •6.2.16.1 Discussion
- •6.2.17.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Types of Procedures
- •External Ventricular Drainage
- •Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts
- •Atypical Ventricular Shunts
- •Ventriculosubgaleal Shunts
- •Subdural-Peritoneal Shunts
- •Lumboperitoneal Shunt
- •Third Ventriculostomy
- •Aqueductoplasty
- •Fourth Ventricular Stenting
- •Complications
- •Intraventricular Fat Migration
- •Slit Ventricle Syndrome
- •Shunt-Associated Infections
- •Shunt Malposition and Migration
- •Pseudocysts
- •Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Syndrome
- •Tumor Seeding
- •Shunt Catheter Calcifications
- •7.1.1 Discussion
- •7.2.1 Discussion
- •7.3.1 Discussion
- •7.4.1 Discussion
- •7.5.1 Discussion
- •7.6.1 Discussion
- •7.7 Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannomas
- •7.7.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Anterior Craniofacial Resection
- •Transsphenoidal Resection
- •Middle Cranial Fossa Reconstruction
- •Surgical Approaches for Vestibular Schwannoma Resection
- •8.1.1 Discussion
- •8.2 Auriculectomy
- •8.2.1 Discussion
- •8.3 Auricular Reconstruction
- •8.3.1 Discussion
- •8.4.1 Discussion
- •8.5 Atresiaplasty
- •8.5.1 Discussion
- •8.6.1 Discussion
- •8.7.1 Discussion
- •8.8 Ossicular Interposition
- •8.8.1 Discussion
- •8.9.1 Discussion
- •8.10.1 Discussion
- •8.11.1 Discussion
- •8.12 Atticotomy
- •8.12.1 Discussion
- •8.13.1 Discussion
- •8.14.1 Discussion
- •8.15.1 Discussion
- •8.16 Temporal Bone Resection
- •8.16.1 Discussion
- •8.17 Cochlear Implants
- •8.17.1 Discussion
- •8.18.1 Discussion
- •8.19.1 Discussion
- •8.20.1 Discussion
- •8.21.1 Discussion
- •8.22 Labyrinthectomy
- •8.22.1 Discussion
- •8.23 Vestibular Nerve Section
- •8.23.1 Discussion
- •8.24.1 Discussion
- •8.25.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •BAHA Device
- •Auriculectomy
- •Auricular Reconstruction
- •Canaloplasty and Meatoplasty
- •Atresiaplasty
- •Myringoplasty and Tympanoplasty
- •Incus Interposition
- •Ossicular Prosthesis Complications
- •Transcanal Atticotomy
- •Mastoidectomy Complications
- •Lateral Temporal Bone Resection
- •Cochlear Implants
- •Cochlear Implant Complications
- •Auditory Brainstem Stimulator
- •Repair of Perilymphatic Fistula
- •Labyrinthectomy
- •Vestibular Nerve Sectioning
- •Tube Drainage of Cholesterol Cysts
- •9.1 Vertical Ramus Osteotomy
- •9.1.1 Discussion
- •9.2 Sagittal Split Osteotomy
- •9.2.1 Discussion
- •9.3 Genioplasty
- •9.3.1 Discussion
- •9.4.1 Discussion
- •9.5 Mandibular Distraction
- •9.5.1 Discussion
- •9.6 LeFort I Osteotomy
- •9.6.1 Discussion
- •9.7 LeFort III Osteotomy
- •9.7.1 Discussion
- •9.8.1 Discussion
- •9.9 Mandibulotomy
- •9.9.1 Discussion
- •9.10 Enucleation
- •9.10.1 Discussion
- •9.11 Cyst Decompression
- •9.11.1 Discussion
- •9.12 Coronoidectomy
- •9.12.1 Discussion
- •9.13.1 Discussion
- •9.14.1 Discussion
- •9.15.1 Discussion
- •9.16.1 Discussion
- •9.17.1 Discussion
- •9.18.1 Discussion
- •9.19.1 Discussion
- •9.20.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Vertical Ramus Osteotomy
- •Sagittal Split Osteotomy
- •Genioplasty
- •Mandibular Angle Augmentation
- •Mandibular Distraction
- •Lefort I Surgery
- •Lefort III Surgery
- •Fixation of Mandible Fractures
- •Mandibulotomy
- •Enucleation
- •Cyst Decompression
- •Coronoidectomy
- •Eminectomy and Meniscal Plication
- •10: Imaging the Postoperative Neck
- •10.1 Reconstruction Flaps
- •10.1.1 Discussion
- •10.2 Neck Dissection
- •10.2.1 Discussion
- •10.3 Parotidectomy
- •10.3.1 Discussion
- •10.4.1 Discussion
- •10.5 Facial Reanimation
- •10.5.1 Discussion
- •10.6.1 Discussion
- •10.7.1 Discussion
- •10.8 Transoral Robotic Surgery
- •10.8.1 Discussion
- •10.9 Sistrunk Procedure
- •10.9.1 Discussion
- •10.10 Laryngectomy
- •10.10.1 Discussion
- •10.11.1 Discussion
- •10.12 Montgomery T-Tubes
- •10.12.1 Discussion
- •10.13 Salivary Bypass Stent
- •10.13.1 Discussion
- •10.14 Laryngeal Stents
- •10.14.1 Discussion
- •10.15.1 Discussion
- •10.16 Arytenoid Adduction
- •10.16.1 Discussion
- •10.17 Arytenoidectomy
- •10.17.1 Discussion
- •10.18 Laryngeal Cartilage Remodeling
- •10.18.1 Discussion
- •10.19 Tracheotomy
- •10.19.1 Discussion
- •10.20 Thyroidectomy
- •10.20.1 Discussion
- •10.21.1 Discussion
- •10.22 Brachytherapy
- •10.22.1 Discussion
- •10.23 Vagal Nerve Stimulation
- •10.23.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Reconstruction Flaps
- •Facial Reanimation
- •Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
- •Transoral Robotic Surgery
- •Neck Dissection
- •Parotidectomy
- •Salivary Duct Stenting
- •Laryngectomy
- •Montgomery T-Tubes
- •Salivary Bypass Stents
- •Laryngeal Stents
- •Arytenoid Adduction
- •Arytenoidectomy
- •Laryngeal Cartilage Remodeling
- •Tracheotomy
- •Thyroidectomy
- •Neck Exploration and Parathyroidectomy
- •Sistrunk Procedure
- •Brachytherapy
- •Vagal Nerve Stimulation
- •11: Imaging of Postoperative Spine
- •11.1 Overview
- •11.2 Spine Decompression
- •11.2.1.1 Discussion
- •11.2.2 Laminectomy
- •11.2.2.1 Discussion
- •11.2.3 Facetectomy
- •11.2.3.1 Discussion
- •11.2.4 Microdiscectomy
- •11.2.4.1 Discussion
- •11.2.5 Laminoplasty
- •11.2.5.1 Discussion
- •11.2.6 Vertebrectomy
- •11.2.6.1 Discussion
- •11.2.7 Cordectomy
- •11.2.7.1 Discussion
- •11.3.1 Halo and Traction Devices
- •11.3.1.1 Discussion
- •11.3.2 Bone Graft Materials
- •11.3.2.1 Discussion
- •11.3.3 Implantable Bone Stimulators
- •11.3.3.1 Discussion
- •11.3.4 Odontoid Screw Fixation
- •11.3.4.1 Discussion
- •11.3.5 Occipitocervical Fusion
- •11.3.5.1 Discussion
- •11.3.6 Anterior Cervical Fusion
- •11.3.6.1 Discussion
- •11.3.7.1 Discussion
- •11.3.8 Posterior Fusion
- •11.3.8.1 Discussion
- •11.3.9 Scoliosis Rods
- •11.3.9.1 Discussion
- •11.3.10 Vertebral Stapling
- •11.3.10.1 Discussion
- •11.3.11 Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR)
- •11.3.11.1 Discussion
- •11.3.12 Interbody Fusion
- •11.3.12.1 Discussion
- •11.4.1 Total Disc Replacement
- •11.4.1.1 Discussion
- •11.4.2.1 Discussion
- •11.4.3.1 Discussion
- •11.4.4 Dynamic Facet Replacement
- •11.4.4.1 Discussion
- •11.4.5 Dynamic Rods
- •11.4.5.1 Discussion
- •11.5.1 Overview
- •11.5.2.1 Discussion
- •11.5.3.1 Discussion
- •11.5.4.1 Discussion
- •11.5.5 Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
- •11.5.5.1 Discussion
- •11.5.6.1 Discussion
- •11.5.7 Surgical Site Infections
- •11.5.7.1 Discussion
- •11.5.8 Postoperative Neuritis
- •11.5.8.1 Discussion
- •11.5.9 Arachnoiditis
- •11.5.9.1 Discussion
- •11.5.10.1 Discussion
- •11.5.11 Postoperative Synovial Cyst
- •11.5.11.1 Discussion
- •11.5.12 Residual/Recurrent Tumors
- •11.5.12.1 Discussion
- •11.5.13 Inclusion Cysts
- •11.5.13.1 Discussion
- •11.5.14.1 Discussion
- •11.5.15 Retained Surgical Tools
- •11.5.15.1 Discussion
- •11.5.16 Gossypiboma
- •11.5.16.1 Discussion
- •11.5.17.1 Discussion
- •11.5.18 Postoperative Deformity
- •11.5.18.1 Discussion
- •11.6.1 Discussion
- •11.7 Spinal Cord Stimulators
- •11.7.1 Discussion
- •11.8 Filum Terminale Sectioning
- •11.8.1 Discussion
- •11.9.1 Vertebral Augmentation
- •11.9.1.1 Discussion
- •11.9.2 Kiva Device
- •11.9.2.1 Discussion
- •11.9.3 Sacroplasty
- •11.9.3.1 Discussion
- •11.9.4.1 Discussion
- •11.9.5.1 Discussion
- •11.9.6.1 Discussion
- •Further Reading
- •Overview
- •Laminectomy
- •Facetectomy
- •Microdiscectomy
- •Laminoplasty
- •Vertebrectomy
- •Cordectomy
- •Bone Graft Materials
- •Implantable Bone Stimulators
- •Odontoid Screw Fixation
- •Anterior Cervical Fusion
- •Posterior Fusion
- •Occiptiocervical Fusion
- •Scoliosis Rods
- •Vertebral Stapling
- •Interbody Fusion
- •Nucleus Pulposus Replacement
- •Dynamic Facet Replacement
- •Dynamic Rods
- •Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
- •Seromas and Hematomas
- •Postoperative Infection
- •Postoperative Neuritis
- •Arachnoiditis
- •Postoperative Synovial Cyst
- •Residual/Recurrent Tumors
- •Inclusion Cysts
- •Retained Surgical Tools
- •Gossypiboma
- •Postoperative Deformity
- •Intrathecal Spinal Infusion Pump
- •Spinal Cord Stimulators
- •Filum Terminale Sectioning
- •Kiva Device
- •Sacroplasty
- •Percutaneous Spine Fusion
- •CT-Guided Epidural Blood Patch
- •12.1 Vascular Surgery
- •12.1.1.1 Discussion
- •12.1.2.1 Discussion
- •12.1.3.1 Discussion
- •12.1.4.1 Discussion
- •12.1.6.1 Discussion
- •12.1.7 Carotid Endarterectomy
- •12.1.7.1 Discussion
- •12.1.8 Carotid Body Stimulation
- •12.1.8.1 Discussion
- •12.1.9 Adjustable Vascular Clamp
- •12.1.9.1 Discussion
- •12.1.10.1 Discussion
- •12.2 Endovascular Surgery
- •12.2.7 Endovascular Reconstructive Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke Using Intra-arterial Thrombolysis or Embolectomy
- •12.2.10 Endovascular Stent Reconstructive Treatment for Extracranial Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease
- •12.2.11 Endovascular Reconstructive Treatment for Active Extracranial Hemorrhage or Pseudoaneurysm
- •Further Reading
- •Vascular Surgery
- •Aneurysm and Hemostatic Ligation Clips
- •Intracranial Aneurysm Muscle Wrap
- •Vascular Malformation Surgery
- •Carotid Endarterectomy
- •Carotid Body Stimulation
- •Adjustable Vascular Clamp
- •Reconstruction of the Great Vessels
- •Endovascular Surgery
- •General Imaging Considerations Following Endovascular Cerebrovascular Procedures
- •Endovascular Treatment for Aneurysms
- •Endovascular Stent Reconstructive Treatment for Extracranial Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease
- •Endovascular Reconstructive Treatment for Active Extracranial Hemorrhage or Pseudoaneurysm
- •Endovascular Treatment for Intracranial Venous Stenosis and Occlusion
- •Index
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C.J. Schatz and D.T. Ginat |
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1.6\ Chin and Jaw Augmentation
1.6.1\ Discussion
Mandible augmentation can be performed with the chin (Figs. 1.39, 1.40, and 1.41), submental (Fig. 1.42), chin/prejowl or prejowl (Fig. 1.42), and lateral/mandibular angle implants (Fig. 1.43), or a combination of these. The implants are typically inserted between the periosteum and cortex of the mandible. Bone graft implants are less commonly used due to the tendency to resorb over time. On the other hand, high-density porous polyethylene and silicone implants molded to the contours of the underlying mandible are popular materials for augmentation. These can be combined with other materials, such as the bone. Screw fixation is occasionally used, particularly for providing stability to combined grafts. Complications include hematoma, infection, seroma, bone erosion, and migration. Seromas may resemble infection on imaging and can alter the intended cosmetic effect, although this may be transient (Fig. 1.44). Mandible implants are sometimes intentionally positioned asymmetrically, but should remain in close approximation to the surface of the mandible. However, pressure- induced bone erosion from the implants is abnormal and can undermine the desired cosmetic
effect (Fig. 1.45). Implant migration can also alter cosmetic result and may be associated with underlying infection. Facial CT can readily characterize implant migration (Fig. 1.46). Bone formation along the periosteum overlying the chin implants is not an uncommon occurrence and is usually thin linear or punctate (Fig. 1.47). Occasionally, the new bone can become large enough to alter the desired cosmetic effects. This phenomenon can be characterized via CT. The bone may be more difficult to discern on MRI, since it may appear as low signal, similar to the silicone implants.
a
b
Fig. 1.39 Chin augmentation with “button” bone graft. Axial CT image demonstrates a bone graft anterior to the mandibular symphysis (arrow)
Fig. 1.40 Chin augmentation with silicone implant. Axial CT (a) shows a crescent-shaped slightly hyperattenuating implant anterior to the body of the mandible (arrowheads). The implant (arrow) appears hypointense on the sagittal T1-weighted MRI (b)
1 Imaging of Facial Cosmetic Surgery |
27 |
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a
Fig. 1.41 Combined bone and silicone chin implant. Axial CT shows a crescent-shaped bone graft (arrow) fused to the mandible. The silicone implant (arrowhead) is positioned superficial to the bone graft
b
Fig.1.42 Chin and prejowl porous polyethylene implant. Sagittal (a) and coronal (b) CT images show implants along the inferior edges of the mandibular body (arrowheads). The implants have attenuation intermediate between fat and fluid
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C.J. Schatz and D.T. Ginat |
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Fig. 1.43 Mandibular angle implants. Axial CT image demonstrates bilateral silicone implants deep to the masseter muscles (arrowheads)
Fig. 1.44 Chin implant seroma. Axial CT image shows fluid surrounding the silicone implant resulting in altered cosmetic effect
Fig. 1.45 Chin implant bone erosion. Sagittal CT image shows the silicone implant has receded into a smooth defect in the body of the mandible, resulting in diminished cosmetic effect and impingement upon the roots of the teeth
Fig. 1.46 Prejowl implant migration. Coronal CT image shows inferior displacement of the left side of the implant (arrow)
Fig. 1.47 New bone formation. Axial CT image shows hyperattenuating material (arrow) superficial to the cleft chin implant along the expected course of the periosteum